The effect of gender on professional accountant’s caree an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

The effect of gender on professional accountant’s career progression INTRODUCTION Background information This is a critical review of the paper, The effect of gender and dependent children on professional accountants career progression by Carolyn Windsor and Pak Auyeung of the Griffith Business School, Griffith University published 2006 in the journal, Critical Perspectives on Accounting. The study analyses responses of 183 participants and focuses on womens career progression to show that there is discrimination in the promotion of accountants and that management levels and positions are largely based on gender and presence of dependent children with the study mainly conducted in Singapore and Australia (Windsor p 828). Need essay sample on "The effect of gender on professional accountants career progression" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The article focuses on womens career progression to highlight discrimination against women in large international accounting firms. The study results show that women are generally allowed to be promoted to a lower management levels if they are married and have children. On the other hand, men are promoted to senior managerial levels if they are married and have children suggesting obvious gender discrimination in these larger firms. Thus managerial advancement of fathers is seen as more positive and occurring more quickly than the female counterparts (Windsor p 828). The main reason for this discrepancy is that the women have been stereotyped to prioritize their time to child bearing and child caring. Whereas, the age old tradition states that it is the mans responsibility to prioritize earning money. University Students Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay online? Essay writer professionals propose: Get Instant Help Here! This research has been conducted in Singapore and Australia. Specifically the target subjects are accountants working in major international accounting firms. Likewise, the support given by both the Singaporean and Australian government to its female population in terms of laws issued to deter discrimination in the work place is not enough to prevent the peoples traditional outlook that the women are born to take care of the house and the children and the husbands are born to be the bread earner. In short, the specific purpose of this research is to provide reliable related literature for future research on discrimination at firms on the basis as gender and the dependent children and the effects this has on the promotion processes of management personnel at international accounting firms in Singapore and Australia (Windsor p 840) BODY Importance of the article The importance of the article is that it gives evidence that there is indeed a mindset that the men are born to prioritize working for the family. There have been similar studies conducted by Belfield (2005), Malos (2007). This article by Windsor and Auyeung, brings out the social expectation on women that the women should give preference to taking care of children and the household chores. Likewise, this article shows factual evidence that majority of the senior management positions are reserved for the male workers of society, specifically in the accounting profession as womens role seem to be reserved as wives and mothers first (Borna and White 2003 cited in Windsor p 832). The international accounting firms of KPMG, Ernst and Young, PWC and Deloittes show that women find it hard to rise up to the top level positions because these selected accounting firms prefer the men to the women to handle the delicate, complex and the hectic jobs of management and especially the male dominated networks within the accounting firms are often not inclusive of women unless women take on more subordinate hand maiden role (Windsor and Auyeung, 2006, p.840). This article gives real empirical data that only a few women reach the top senior management level positions in these four international accounting firms under study. This article also shows that the talents of these women who are as qualified or even more qualified than their male counterparts are not being utilized. This article shows that women are perceived as prioritizing their home and family relegating the job as manager as only secondary (Windsor and Auyeung, 2006; also in Kirchmeyer, 2002). But, this might on ly be a perception as in reality many women tend to balance work and family duties giving equal importance to both. Thus, women who have a family and children are looked at as a hindrance to the companys overall performance. The assumption is that women are not able to work longer hours and are thus less productive than men (Windsor and Auyeung, 2006, p.830). This article also reiterates that the male worker who is married and with children are seen as responsible and also considered the best person to fill the vacant management positions at the top of these four international accounting firms. The locations covered where the study has been conducted and data from international accounting firms of KPMG, Ernst and Young, PWC and Deloittes Singapore and Australia gives the needed input for more relevant statutes and government policies to improve the current discrimination in the work place specifically against women who are married and have children. Likewise, the article zeroes in on one of the side effects of hiring men simply because there is a bias that women can never do as well as the men can in terms of job benchmarks in the international accounting firms in Australia and Singapore. The biased male dominated management world is well expressed through the phrase, think manager, think male (Schein, 2001 cited in Windsor and Auyeung, 2006, p.830) Analytical summary of main findings /conclusions of the article Some of the results and findings of the article could be summarized to draw out the focus and significance of the study in gender discrimination at the workplace. Firstly, married men with family are viewed as stable and reliable and are more favorably viewed to attain promotion to senior management levels. On the other hand, married women with families are depicted as liabilities to the company. Further, it is assumed that male managers can generate more clients than women managers. Thirdly, women who file for temporary leave to concentrate on giving birth on their child seldom go back to their former full time jobs as managers. Women are also stereotyped as child bearers and unpaid care giving and not always considered suitable to take up the challenging role of managers. Also, the article suggests that the dependent variable of the study, the management position in a company, is largely influenced by gender, marital status, presence of dependent children and general perception on womens ability as managers as against male suitability for the job. Firstly, the men who are married with children are considered stable and reliable as married men have responsibilities to feed their family. Thus hard work and longer hours are expected of him and it is assumed that men can work up to 50-70 hours per week, although this may in turn threaten health and safety of employees (Peetz et al, 2003 cited in Windsor and Auyeung, 2006). On the other hand, women who are married with children are depicted as liabilities to the company; they are not seen as bread earners but as care givers at home. It is perceived that apart from the maternity leave, women will take more leave due to their responsibilities at home and will also be able to give in lesser hours at the office. The authors state that the women workers have to file a leave of absence whenever they are pregnant to bear a child. The women need more time away from their current job to rest after childbirth in order to recover her strength. These factors are perceived by many companies as disadvantages of hiring female managers. Further, another of the authors findings is that male managers can generate more clients than women managers. Many of the managers of most companies are males. Thus, the male managers of the accounting firms can easily generate more clients because they can meet and convince these male managers to enter into an accounting or auditing or management contract with them. The female managers of the accounting firms may have to endure oppressive client behavior and sexual harassment to convince a client (Windsor and Auyeung, 2006, p 830). The article suggests that women are stereotyped as child bearers and unpaid care giving and not as managers. This is one of the many reasons why women are not considered good as managers. Although institutional policies and social support provide some economic assistance to women with dependent children, it dopes not alleviate inequality in career progression as studied here (Windsor and Auyeung, 2006, p 840). The authors suggest that the management position as dependent variable of the study is influenced by independent variables of gender and presence or absence of dependent children, the location, and number of years in the current profession as accountants. The results indicate that gender and presence of dependent children affect promotion and management positions of men and women differently within the accounting firms studied (also in Kirchmeyer, 2002). Strengths /usefulness of the Article The article has a defining role in focusing on the gender discrimination still existent in modern firms and in large international accounting firms and the disadvantageous position of women as managers in these firms. This highlights the bias, prejudice or preconception already existing in international firms and how women are discriminated against and explains the lack of women in senior management positions across the corporate word and especially in accounting firms. The general perception of women as caregivers and men as bread winners also tend to affect mens promotional levels and womens career tend to take a backseat when compared with her responsibilities at home. CONCLUSION Summary of Important Points In summary, the men who are married and with family are identified as stable and reliable. On the other hand, women who are married and have children are depicted as liabilities to the company. Male managers are perceived as more competent as they can put in longer working hours and can generate more clients than women managers. Women are disadvantaged due to their role as caregivers and parent and are stereotyped as child bearers and home makers rather than managers. The article conclusively shows management position in several large international companies is dependent on the gender and dependent children issues and that women and men are judged differently with regard to their marital status and presence of a family. REFERENCES: Belfield, Clive R. (2005) Workforce gender effects on firm performance and workers' pay: evidence for the UK Applied Economics, Volume 37, Number 8, pp. 885-891(7) Kirchmeyer C. (2002) Gender Differences in Managerial Careers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 37, Number 1, pp. 5-24(20) Malos, Stan (2007) Appearance-based Sex Discrimination and Stereotyping in the Workplace: Whose Conduct Should We Regulate? Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Volume 19, Number 2,pp. 95-111(17) Windsor, C., Auyeung, P, (2006), The Effect of Gender and Dependent Children on Professional Accountants Career Progression, Critical Perspectives on Accounting 17, 828-844

The What to Write College Essay about Diaries

The What to Write College Essay about Diaries Whatever They Told You About What to Write College Essay about Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Affordable essay writing services require writers with this kind of a talent they can produce well written topics in a short time. It's only normal to be concerned about hiring an on-line essay writer as possiblenever be certain whether you're utilizing the ideal service or not. Our article writing services are always a fantastic choice when buying a paper since we work hard so that you receive a preceding version of your homework, which you're actually content with. The increasing number of essay writing services is wholly overwhelming. There are a few book that could be linked to other sites and they provides you the accessibility to other knowledge resource material. Once you are in possession of a lengthy list, return and pick out the most promising ideas. Our website are well-liked today since they have essays which are always in the subject and well informed. Details of What to Write College Essay about Writing the perfect college essay requires you to be in touch with yourself. The college essay is often the toughest portion of an application for admission to college. Even should a college admission essay is your opportunity to express yourself, it requires good and beneficial writing. Even the very best college essay began with a blank page. Who knew essay writing could possibly be so tough. You can get in touch with your assigned author. So should you must employ college essay author on the web, we're just the men and women who you are going to have to contact. Employing real sample college essays that worked will offer you a good idea of. You receive the best person to learn more help on writing a college essay about our existing staff, be online assistance with college essays sure to receive a good college. Reading top college essay examples is a significant way for students to learn to write college application essays. Not every superior student could be an extremely excellent author. College essay writing could be a difficult endeavor for numerous explanations. It could be a difficult task for many explanations. College application essays are really significant, and may be an intimidating endeavor. Writing the college application essay is a challenging gig. Employing the Common Application, you're most likely to need to write one primary essay, and write a. It's an opportunity to set. The essay has become the most important part of a university appllication, see sample essays ideal for applying to schools in the usa. A great application essay needs to be concise but informative and interesting. The Battle Over What to Write College Essay about and How to Win It You will receive the original paper, which will bring you the ideal mark. Writers need to be well informed or aware of all of the topics they're expected to write, object should forever consistent with the topic and shouldn't stray away from the topics. Only an entire Essay template can supply you with all the details you want to learn about. To assist you get off to a great start, we've put together the next. What to Write College Essay about - What Is It? Clearly, you don't wish to babble, but I mean write about just a single subject at one time. To begin with, it's extremely difficult, you need to be an incredibly educated person to chat about religion with knowledge. Most of all, you ought to be in a position to describe how it has changed you from the sort of person you were to the better person that you're now. You're an interesting individual. Sharing how lucky you're. Therefore, picking a topic can be the toughest facets of the full admissions process. Employing the Common Application, you are going to have to write one big essay, and possibly write a. It's a chance to set. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are quite interested in how you are going to take care of the subsequent four years all on your own. If you are really introverted and certain characteristics of the college process feel overwhelming, you aren't alone. Occasionally people find it difficult to commence working on their very own paper. You ought to, however, still have a look at our recommendations about how to take a look at a college's mental health services (below). Explain your commitments, and you're going to be the type of student colleges find immensely attractive.

How Many Words Should a College Essay Be?

How Many Words Should a College Essay Be?One of the most important aspects of writing a College essay is having the right and effective topic. Common essay topics are: the person that I admire most; the place that I have always loved to visit; the person that has made me laugh the most; the most important thing in my life. These subjects are just a few that we find around the college campus.There are however many topics that can be used for a College essay. One topic is the common App which is a means of exchange. In other words, the college student will write on his App and the person he admires the most will write on hers. The main purpose of writing an App is to prove that one is not greedy or selfish as a result of wanting to express his/her admiration.How many words should a college essay be common App? This depends on what is written on the App. If it is about the person the student admires most, the name will be more than enough. However, if it is about the place he/she has al ways loved to visit, the name will not suffice.How many words should a college essay be about the person that the student admires the most? Writing an App on behalf of a celebrity is the only way to do it. All celebrities have their own App that they write on. For example, if the celebrity is Miley Cyrus, she will be writing on her MySpace page.How many words should a college essay be about the place that the student has always loved to visit? This is up to the discretion of the college students. Some people are going to prefer to write about their hometown or country that they love. For example, a writer from France or Spain would write on their pages about their hometown, or would they like to write on their webpage about how beautiful Paris is.Writing an App on behalf of a celebrity can give some college students a common topic. This is the main reason why celebrities are usually good subjects of App. However, if the topic does not appeal to the student, he or she might as well j ust write a normal college essay.Another topic that is written on App that can serve as a common topic is poems. It would not be too much of a problem for the poet to go out and buy a whole book of poems and then write on it. The only thing that he or she needs to consider is how long the poems will be.A College essay is written to express one's opinion. It is very easy to write an App on behalf of someone and then write the opinions about the App on the academic page. It would be less time consuming and less money if the topic is just a common topic.

Topics For Sociology Research Paper

Topics For Sociology Research PaperWhen you begin a sociology research paper, one of the first topics you should research is your topic. The term 'topic' means different things to different people. In sociological circles, we define it as something that gives content to the project of study and characterizes the research objectives.Sociological research can be divided into two general categories: theory-based and application-based. There are also a few general sub-categories of research that you can apply to all topics. For instance, they are: classification, interpretation, sampling, measurement, theory of change, observation, and methodology.Sociological research cannot be done without some sort of classification. These include topics such as race, gender, religion, sexuality, culture, nationality, ethnicity, or class. One way to classify them is through the addition of terms. For example, if a person has an ethnic background, they are often called an ethnic minority.Social identit y is another way to categorize them. A person can have several identities. One of the most commonly used ones is gender. A social identity can be anything that divides one person from another.Sociological research is commonly divided into two broad parts: population and community. One division that is used in most papers is between national or regional populations and international populations. Another is between qualitative and quantitative topics.In the field of sociology, there are national or regional populations. They comprise people in one specific geographical location. Regional studies tend to include different languages, cultures, and religions. These are often the focus of the sociology literature.Withthe social sciences, a community is a larger group than a nation or a region. It usually includes more than one country or region. Most papers in this field deal with a country or region. While there are many types of communities, they are grouped according to values, traditi ons, policies, and institutions. Their studies include the ways people participate in their societies, along with how they interact with each other.Humans are social animals. They need others to relate to, empathize with, or imitate. It is these relationships that allow people to cope with everyday stresses and emotions. Sociology is interested in understanding how humans interact with each other, and how society affects the evolution of the world around us.

Why Do You Need Frankenstein Research Papers?

Why Do You Need Frankenstein Research Papers?Frankenstein research papers are some of the most important pieces of work for modern medical students. Although they have been around for centuries, they are still quite controversial, and many people don't know what exactly is in a Frankenstein research paper. It is because of this reason that you will be doing research papers.One way to explain what Frankenstein research papers are is by looking at the relation between the Frankenstein character and the study of modern medicine. Most people will probably see it as the result of a brilliant plot device, but in reality, it is a very important piece of information. You should understand this when you are working on a research paper. For example, the virus you are studying may not directly cause a person to develop cancer, but it may indirectly make him more likely to develop cancer. This means that the theory is not necessarily wrong, but it is a bit of a simplification.The general term us ed for the patient in a science paper is called an experiment. You might be familiar with these terms as you study medical science. An experiment refers to the reason you are conducting a research paper. If you have an example of a regular laboratory procedure, an experiment is going to include details of the process you are trying to study. To give you an example, if you were interested in a disease known as hepatitis, you would need to go and perform a hepatitis experiment.There are different types of experiments, and a type of experiment can mean one of three things. One type of experiment is an imitation. In this case, you use the body of someone who is dead as your model, such as by performing a transplant. In the case of using someone else's tissue as a model, the process will mimic the normal processes used in the human body. For example, if you were interested in curing ulcers, you would try to work out what would happen to an ulcer if you killed it. However, there would be no blood loss or potential organ damage, so you would not be able to do this at home.Another type of experiment is the second type, where you try to remove the original body. In this case, the body is taken from the grave, so to speak. The body has been preserved in formaldehyde, and in the original state it would have all the required functions to function normally. If you use this method, you will need to take care to keep the body covered up for the life of the experiment. This is necessary because the body can take on a variety of different organs depending on its size, so it would not be a good idea to remove it from the grave.The last type of experiment is the best of the three, since it does not involve a 'model' and instead uses the original body. In this case, you will make use of an original body, and in this case, you will need to look at the development of the organs in the original body. To do this, you would need to dissect the body and look at its functioning parts. A s mentioned before, it is possible that you would not be able to do this at home, so this would need to be done in a lab.Frankenstein research papers are often done because of their importance to the progress of science. You can also do these for other reasons. In any case, if you find you are having difficulty with a particular experiment, there is no reason why you shouldn't try and find out what could be happening.