World Cultural Heritage Essay Example for Free

World cultural Heritage EssayIn this knowledge domain, since its existence, there were so some things happen. Some were happened for a reason, some were not. Up until now, there ar thousands of places on earth that lot might look at them as the token of arts, source and origin of some cultures and also religions. These World Cultural hereditary patterns include tangible culture (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts), intangible culture (such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge), and innate hereditary pattern (including cultur whollyy significant landscapes, and biodiversity). Nowadays, there is an geological formation that claimed themselves as UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). This inter depicted object body has been successful at gaining the necessary support to preserve the heritage of many nations for the future. According to UNESCO, world cultural heritage is any of vari ous areas or objects designated as having enceinte universal value under the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.This convention, adopted by UNESCO in 1972, provides for international cooperation in preserving and protecting cultural and natural treasures throughout the world. Other than that, this organization also contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in instal to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom. The World Heritage mention includes 962 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, which the world heritage committee considers as having outstanding universal value.Among all of places, few of them are situated in Malaysia. The most famous world cultural heritage locate in Malaysia is situated in Malacca. There are many historic values in Malacca. It was conventional by the Sr ivijayan Prince Parameswara, the Sultanate of Malacca. Legend said that Parameswara decided to establish Malacca after seeing one of his dogs get the better of by a mouse deer, naming the state after the tree he was resting under. On 7 July 2008, Malacca was officially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of its of the essence(predicate) cultural and historical significance.Many museums have been established to contain the significant artifacts. For instance, Melaka Sultanate Palace Museum, Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum and Museum of storey and Ethnography. Moreover, one of the famous places to visit is A Famosa- the most famous legacy from the time Malacca worn out(p) under Portuguese rule. It is the remaining of the Portuguese port, which was build to defend Malacca. Other than that, Malaysia also is well cognise for its rich in biodiversity. Gunung Mulu National Park situated in Sarawak is one of the places that were recognized due to its natural uniqueness.T his mountain is Important both for its high biodiversity and for its karst features, Gunung Mulu National Park, on the island of Borneo in the State of Sarawak, is the most analyse tropical karst area in the world. The 52,864-ha park contains seventeen vegetation zones, exhibiting some 3,500 species of vascular plants. Its palm species are exceptionally rich, with 109 species in twenty genera noted. The park is dominated by Gunung Mulu, a 2,377 m-high sandstone pinnacle. At least 295 km of explored counteracts provide a spectacular sight and are home to millions of cave swiftest and bats.The Sarawak Chamber, 600 m by 415 m and 80 m high, is the largest known cave chamber in the world. The property is home to one of the worlds finest examples of the part process in Kars tic terrain and provides outstanding scientific opportunities to study theories on the origins of cave faunas. The deeply-incised canyons, wild rivers, rainforest-covered mountains, spectacular limestone pinnacles, cave passages and decorations found within the property produce dramatic landscapes and breathtaking scenery that is without rival.These world cultural heritage sites are not only importance for the world to see, but the values also make it cardinal to us individually. Nowadays, Culture heritage and natural heritage is increasingly endangered due to traditional grow of decay and even changing of social and economic conditions. Conserving the condition of the cultural heritage allow many benefits such as giving the property an international recognition thus allowing promotion of local and national pride. It also contributes to the identity and branding of territory, which is relevant in the age of globalization and fierce competition.By get together hands to protect and cherish the worlds natural and cultural heritage, it expresses a shared commitment in preserving our legacy for future generations. Preserving the world cultural heritage will develop awareness among the unfledge dsters about the existence of it. in addition that, the importance of world cultural heritage also lies within the culture itself. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the living of the people. Different cultures of the world have brought in diversity in the ship canal of life of the people inhabiting different parts of the world.World heritage culture is important as it haoma peoples attitude and personality and reflect ones cultural identity. To preserve the continuity of the culture for futute legacy and ensure the young generation appreciate the uniqueness of the culture. First importance is the culture heritage reflects the lifestyle and culture people living around it. For example,people living near the Kinabalu Park ,the culture will be based on forestry, higher altitude lifestyle like low temperature plants.The second reason is they will give an attractiveness from people around the world resulting an assimilation of new culture. For example, the G unung Mulu is located in rural area,people around the world visits and try to learn the culture as well as they teach the locals new thing. In the nutshell, it is rattling important for us and to the world to preserve what our ancestors and peoples before us has left. We may not see what is climax for us in the future. The past might be the good source of guidance, and also good knowledge to tell who we actually are.

Assignment Writing Guide Essay Example for Free

Assignment Writing Guide Essay insane asylumWhile your grant comprises only 25% of your subject grade, it serves animportant go in availing you localize on the concepts and clarify your learning. In this sense, the appointment prep bes you for the exam, which is much to a greater extent heavily weighted at 75%. Scoring well on the designation can sometimes mean the difference between a pass and a fail for the subject or a high distinction versus just a distinction. This Assignment Writing Guide consists of five parts 1. Importance of quote and referencing2. Using peer reviewed / bookish journal articles3. A nine-step approach to writing appointments4. The basic format of an subsidization and5. Appendix A standard date with conduceed commentsIMPORTANCE OF CITATION AND REFERENCING1. Assignments must(prenominal) contain proper citations and referencing apply the Harvard authordate style referred to in the AIB drift Guide, that is a. citations (or in-text names) of quot ed and paraphrased materials to support your arguments/comments and b. a reference leaning relating specifically to your in-text references. 2. Your grade exit be adversely impact if there are no or poor citations and/or reference list, as referred to above. 3. Your assignment should normally contain the following number of relevant references from different sources in the reference list.a. BBA assignments 5 10b. MBA assignments 6 124. All references must be from credible sources such as books, peer reviewed journals, magazines, company documents and youthful articles. Students are highly encouraged to recitation peer reviewed journal articles as this may contri savee towards a higher grade. 5. You are encouraged to make use of the AIB online library (i.e., EBSCO Host) which can be accessed through the AIB website. 6. AIB checks assignments with anti-plagiarism software. delight carefully check your assignments before final submission to en trusted that all quoted and paraph rased materials are properly cited and referenced. 7. You are strongly advised to carefully read The AIB tendency Guide for clarification of these requirements.USING PEER REVIEWED/ donnish JOURNAL ARTICLESPeer review is an academically accepted measure of quality. Peer reviewed journal articles are normally considered much credible, authentic and reliable as they are evaluated and recommended for publication by several experts in the field. It is then strongly suggested that you use the most recent peer reviewed / erudite articles for your assignment. This will not only nominate you with up to date knowledge but will also enable you to produce quality work. The reform your search option (as shown below) in the AIB Online Library can help you to filter and view the peer reviewed / scholarly articles. Preferably you should filter the publication date to within the last 3 to 5 years.A NINE-STEP come up TO WRITING ASSIGNMENTSThe following provides a recommended nine-step approach to writing assignments. It is strongly recommended that you follow these steps in incidental order in order to address your assignment requirements. 1. Read, understand and address the assignment question guardedly read the assignment question and make sure you understand clearly what is being asked. Your submission must be responsive to the assignment question. This is the first and most important step. By doing this you will know what you fatality to do, how to do it and whether you need some form of assistance to finish the assignment. Furthermore, make sure you check the ac search book believe and make sure you understand what is required.The word countshould be used as a guide as to the desired length of your written assignment. But, be mindful that submissions that exceed the word count guide by more than 10% will bugger off marks deducted. Then, consider the subject of the assignment and who will read it. Do the assignment instructions suggest that the assignment should be aimed at a particular manager of a particular organisation? If no particular manager is mentioned in the instructions, draw that the instructor will bethe audience. Whoever the reader is, aim the assignment at them and their requirements and knowledge.2. Do background nurture and jot down notesDo some brief background reading around the topic, starting with your textbook, pinch down the main concepts and ideas that seem relevant. Is there any relevant history related to your topic? Or is there any important detail that will be of high significance to the future? are there any important people involved? Knowing such details will deem you a better idea as to how to start and finish your assignment. 3. Organise your assignment Make a tentative, organized list of headings and some sub-headings and topics about important issues that will have to be addressed. Inform yourself as to how prorogue of Contents (TOC) fields are formatted in MS Word, or other word touch on application you may be using and how to update the page poetry for your Table of contents as your composition grows and evolves. Fine-tune your listing of subject headings as you start gathering cultivation about the assignments topics. Organisation is always the key to a well-written assignment. It not only ordinates you direction as you write, but it also gives your paper a certain level of professionalism.4. Collate information and note your sources for proper citation and referencingGather information from articles and other credible sources (preferably from peerreviewed journal articles). Take notes and write down reference information about your sources (you may forget or lose them, otherwise). The AIB Style Guide has details of what information is required for referencing in the assignment make sure you collect all that information when you first have your hands on the source of information. Collecting all the necessary information for proper citation and referencing as soon as you e ncounter the source will save you precious time during the course of your writing. The list will also come in handy if you want to double check information.5. Organise your notes look in mind the marking criteriaOrganize your notes and finalise the outline with its headings and sub-headings and topics. Consult the Assignment Cover yellow journalism and Assessment Sheet and the marking criteria for your assignment with weightings for concepts, application of concepts and so on. Bear these in mind as you plan and write the assignment. Comparing your outline with the Assignment Cover Sheet and Assessment Sheet will let you know if you have covered everything that the assignment requires or if you have complicated something that is irrelevant. It will give you a chance to finalize your outline before proceeding with the actual writing.6. Start writing the assignmentThen, and only then, start writing the assignment. The notes below about the format of an assignment have details of how each(prenominal) part of the assignment should be written (and include the recommended length of some elements). For your assignment writing, we recommend you use the Office Word Format/Font command to set Times New Roman stock 12 point font, and the Format/Paragraph command to set 1.5 line spacing refer to the AIB Style Guide.7. Re-read and re-write your assignment ensuring you adhere to the word countRe-writing is essential. Make sure you add or delete eliminate words or splits and check the spelling and grammar. Prior to re-writing, read and re-read your draft. shape whether the flow of thoughts is clear and maintains continuity. Check for any grammatical errors, spelling mistakes and/or improper use of periods, commas or question marks. Make sure you read your assignment carefully to check for errors or omissions. Lastly, ensure that you adhere to the required word count, and add / delete words as necessary.8. deliver the Executive analysisNow write the Executive Summa ry. This is the stocky of the entire assignment. Include only salient points of your assignment. It is called a thick because it is supposed to be brief and comprehensive.9. Write the ReferencesAdd the References according the requirements of the AIB Style Guide, and submit the assignment to AIB, remembering to provide a word count which includes the Introduction section through to the startning of the References section (that is, do not include the Executive Summary/Abstract, References or Appendices in the word count).BASIC FORMAT OF AN ASSIGNMENT REPORTThis section will formulate how you should develop the sections of your assignment. An example assignment that follows this format is provided at Appendix A. Title page Give your assignment a title and type out the main words from the assignment for the marker to know what the assignment is all about. Include the name of the business investigated if you are writing a case study. The title of the assignment should be comprehensi ve enough to give the reader an idea about the coverage of the assignment. Also, you need to commit the word count (which includes all text from the Introduction section to the end of the Conclusion section) here. Executive succinctThis tells your reader what the assignment is about because it describes the topics or issues discussed, as well as providing a summary of theconclusions and recommendations and reasons for them. in the beginning going through the entire assignment, readers first want to see the summary. In fact in umpteen busy business situations, sometimes decisions are often made solely on the basis of decision maker summary if it is persuasive. Your executive summary should include what you did, how you did it, what your main findings were and what are your key recommendations.Although the executive summary appears as first section of theassignment, it should be written last after completing the assignment. Do not include any sub headings in this section. It is us ually one or two paragraphs and should not be more than 250 words. Remember to not include these words in the word count, except if you are asked to write a marketing plan. As the executive summary is part of the marketing plan, it is included in the word count.Table of contentsAfter the title page and the executive summary, you should show a table of contents with a list of the numbered sections and subsections of the assignment, with their page numbers. Numbered appendices, tables and figures with their titles should also be presented in the table of contents. MS Word provides a function for inserting an automatic table of contents. Please ensure the table of contents is updated before you submit the completed assignment. To update the page numbers in the contents table, when you have completed your assignment left click on the table right click and select Update Field ensure Update page numbers only is selected click OKIntroductionThe introduction tells your reader what you are g oing to tell them in the body of your assignment. The first paragraph of your introduction gives the background to the assignment and why it is useful. Then your second paragraph should say what the aim, purpose or objective of the assignment is, any limitations and a very brief summary of the sections (no more than about two lines for this summary of the sections). The whole Introduction section should not take more than about half a page or so.DiscussionThe sections after the Introduction are where you begin the discussion, outlining relevant facts and events. A rule of thumb is that there should be at least one section or subsection heading per page. These sections after the Introduction will follow a logical ruler of thought. Make your headings longer than just one or two cryptic words, so that they also help the reader to quickly understand the sections and flow of the assignment. Present information in a logical order. function information from a number of credible sources t o support your findings and try not to include numeric calculations in the main body of the assignment. Instead, include these as an appendix to the assignment.This is to prevent interrupting the flow of the assignment. Acknowledge all sources using the Harvard author-date style. The start of each section should make obvious its link to previous sections for example, The previous sections discussed strengths this section turns to weaknesses. innovation words are especially useful for this linking of paragraphs for example, moreover, furthermore, in addition, consequently, so, on the other hand, in contrast, but, however, nevertheless.

Arkanul Islam and Aqeeda ul-Islam

Arkanul Islam and Aqeeda ul-IslamTask 2The relationship between Arkanul Islam and Aqeeda ul-IslamThe relationship between the arkanul Islam and the aqeeda ul-Islam is fundamental to the Islamic Faith. These ii concepts turn in part of an ethics basis to Islamic life and the link is inseparable.To achieve Allahs mercy and party favour in life, a Muslim must practice first and fore well-nigh the Arkanul Islam or the five Pillars of Islam (practiced by the Sunnis). The Aqeeda ul-Islam are the Articles of Faith and give message and purpose to the Arkanul Islam. The pillars are so central and important to Islamic life, that by not following them, one is not truly submitting themselves to Allah and is therefore not a Muslim. And without the meaning given by the Aqeeda ul-Islam the deeds of the Arkanul Islam are meaningless in Allahs eyes.The five Pillars of Islam require the articles of belief forrader the act of a deed is meaningful. The submission to the six articles allows all dee ds a Muslim whitethorn perform to be righteous and positive.The Aqeeda ul-Islam have six articles of belief. The articles are1. Belief in Allah, the only paragon2. Belief in all the Prophets sent by God3. Belief in the Angels 4. Belief in the Quran5. Belief in the Day of Judgment and in the Resurrection6. Belief in Destiny and Gods elect pathThe five Pillars are set down in the Quran in various suras and provide a template of life for a Muslim. The most important Pillar and also the most abstract is Shahadah, or the acceptance of Allah and his final messenger the Prophet Muhammad. This deceleration ties in with the Tawhid concept of God, a monotheistic and indivisible entity. A Muslim practices the Pillar of Shahadah simply by never relinquishing his belief or questioning the truth of the oneness of Allah or the Hadith, the nurtureings and stories of the Prophet. This declaration ensures that Allah is completely central to a Muslims life in every way.The praying of a Muslim towar ds Mecca, Salah, is an indication of his worship to God and also the giving of thanks towards Him. The most important aspect of salah is that a Muslim dedicates this time five times a daytime only to the worship of Allah. He asks Allah for guidance along the path of good that He has willed for him. But if the Muslim has no niyyah, then his prayer is worthless and the deed is not counted by God.Zakat in Arabic agent purification. This purity is taught to a Muslim by sharing his wealth and to eradicating poverty and inequality in his community. The Zakat purifies the conferrer of selfishness and greed. To Allah, all of humankind is equal in His eyes, and wealth should be distributed fairly, for everything in Creation belongs to Him.Sawm is the abstaining from eating and swallow from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadan. This teaches a Muslim directly the suffering and plight of the inadequate and its purpose is one of understanding. Also it allows a Muslim closeness to God and to express their dependence on Him and His benevolence.The Hajj in a Muslims life is his pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca. A Muslim should turn out and make the journey at least once in his lifetime if he can consecrate it. The hajj demonstrates the solidarity of the Muslim community and their total submission to Allah. The pilgrimage to Mecca is the most arduous and demanding deed of the Pillars, a pilgrim not only must travel from all parts of the world but also accomplish for self-improvement throughout the journey and understand why he is on the pilgrimage.The five Pillars of Islam essentially teach a Muslim humility, respect and worship for his Creator. Every deed performed throughout a Muslims life whether it is a holy act or not must always be performed with the mind-set that Allah is watching and sound judgment everything. It is simply not enough for a Muslim to practice the five Pillars and not understand or accept their meaning and the doctrines of the Aqeeda ul-Islam . The deeds of the Arkanul Islam are charitable acts as well as acts of worship and assent declaration towards Allah, but they also provide an ethics system fundamental to a believers life. Without niyyah or sensitive intention, the deeds become worthless in the eyes of God. One must understand and feel the meaning of his acts before they are counted to his benefit.Referenceswww.liveleak.com/view?i=2ee_1193085474en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islamen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqidahwww.thenoblequran.com/sps/sp.cfm?secID=AQDloadpage=displaysection.cfmwww.qss.org/articles/Aahaad.html

Benefits of Seaweed Enhancement for Crop Growth

Benefits of Seaweed Enhancement for Crop GrowthCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONBackgroundSoil sweetening with constituent(a) tangibles is a common office of state profusion management for make for production, with the aim of providing inwrought plant alimentarys and improving overall soil physical, chemical, and biological quality (Diacano and Montemurro, 2010). Marine macro-algae, or seaweed, has been historically utilise as a soil enhancement material, and whitethorn have activity for modern market-gardening as a low cost source of nutrient-rich biomass (Angus and Dargie, 2002 Cuomo et al., 1995). While seaweed compost and extract products have been widely evaluated for awkward finishs (Woznitza and Barrantes, 2005 Khan et al., 2010), evaluation of unprocessed seaweed biomass as an enhancement material is limited, particularly with regard to soil quality. finish of seaweed material may uniquely affect soil quality parameters as a result of its chemical characteristics, includ ing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition, and salt, sulfur (S), heavy metal, and trace element content. In this study, the putative benefits of seaweed enhancement for stray growth and production were assessed on various crops in field experiment, including analysis of soil physical, biological, and chemical properties.1.2 diachronic recitation of seaweed in agriculture.In coastal regions, collection and application of seaweed is a traditional soil fertility management scheme, especially where agriculture relies on use of local resources (Cuomo et al., 1995). As a readily-available, low-cost material to supplement soil fertility, application of seaweed biomass is frequently an integral component of traditional, small-scale, diversified agriculture (Angus and Dargie, 2002). For instance, agriculture in the Machair region of the Scottish Outer Hebrides Islands involves a rotation-intensive system that integrates the application of locally available seaweed biomass (Angus and D argie, 2002 Kent et al. 2003). Traditional agriculture of the Machair, practiced for at least 1,000 courses before present (YBP), relies on a crofting system that broadly speaking includes an intensive rotation of livestock grazing, field crop cultivation, and two years of fallow, with hypothesized effectuate on soil biodiversity (Angus and Dargie, 2002 Vink et al., 2009). Soil fertility is still largely maintained by the traditional practice of application of muck up and seaweed, primarily the dark-brown alga Laminaria digitata (Angus and Dargie, 2002), which is collected and piled onshore for 1-2 weeks prior to application. Promotion of seaweed application as a part of sustaining small-scale, diversified agriculture is supported by Scottish Natural Heritage, a governmental conservation organization, as well as local conservation group efforts (Angus and Dargie, 2002).In addition to the Machair region, historical accounts of seaweed use in agriculture range from the British Isl es, to coastal mainland Europe, to the northeastern region of the United States, including New York, Maine, and Rhode Island (Fussel, 1973 smith et al., 1989 Cuomo et al., 1995). For example, prior to the adoption of synthetic fertilizer, potato production in Rhode Island incorporated seaweed collection as a means of maintaining soil fertility, including for agricultural research at the University of Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (R. Casagrande, personal communication). Seaweed in the modern agricultural context In organic or reduced-input cropping systems, both in the U.S. and worldwide, seaweed-based agricultural products (e.g. extracts for foliar application and composts) are commonly employed (Khan et al., 2009). However, application of unprocessed biomass is less prevalent. To reduce dependence on application of inorganic fertilizers, make use of an abundant (sometimes over-abundant) resource, and improve soil quality, the traditional practice of seaweed applica tion may have modern application in coastal regions. Because adding seaweed to soil can increase plant macro and micronutrients, and may improve soil biological, chemical and physical properties (Khan et al., 2009), the practice may be an additional strategy to manage soil fertility and quality that addresses the dual problems of reliance on inorganic chemical stuffing and wasting of valuable, nutrient-rich biomass. Inorganic fertilizer inputs account for a large fraction of conventional farm expenses, push consumption, and carbon emissions (Lal, 2004). Application of inorganic fertilizers without addition of organic enhancements, cover crop use, or use of utility(a) tillage practices can result in depletion of soil organic matter (SOM), with concomitant negative effects on many soil properties important for crop productivity (e.g. nutrient retention, moisture-holding capacity, aggregate formation, and microbial activity) (Brock et al., 2012 Franzluebbers, 2012). Furthermore, lev els of nutrient elements other than N, P, and K (e.g. Ca, Mg, Mo, B, and S) are generally low in inorganic fertilizers, and are of increasing forethought for crop quality and nutritional value (Welch and Graham, 2012). Consequently, reliance on inorganic fertilizer as a sole source of fertility is often questioned as a sustainable management strategy, and 4diversification of inputs is encouraged, particularly inputs that declare oneself not only primary nutrients (i.e. N, P and K), but also organic matter and trace elements (Lal, 2004). constitutive(a) enhancements used to improve soil fertility include traditional (e.g. animal manure) and non-traditional (e.g. industrial by-products) materials (Power et al., 2000). Seaweed, which contains primary nutrients, organic C, and other nutrient elements, is thus a good candidate organic enhancement material as part of a diversified soil fertility management strategy.In addition to the potential crop nutrition benefits of seaweed enhance ment, the prevalence of seaweed biomass in coastal areas as a result of both natural phenomena and anthropogenetic impacts may allow for use of seaweed with minimal cost. Nutrient (N and P) enrichment of coastal waters sometimes attributed to fertilizer overspill from agriculture and home use can cause excessive seaweed growth (Morand and Merceron, 2005). In addition to poisonous ecological impacts (e.g. oxygen depletion), the accumulation of seaweed biomass on beaches can have negative economic consequences (RI DEM, 2010). For instance, in the spend of 2012,accumulation of the red seaweed Polysiphonia sp. on Massachusetts beaches needed mechanical removal and disposal in gear up to maintain beaches for public use, costing money for equipment use and labor, as well as preventing beach use. Beach-cast biomass is often removed and disposed of in landfills. Although the species composition and properties of beach-cast seaweed varies based on location and environment (e.g. estua rine vs. marine), the coordination of stash away seaweed biomass removal with agricultural application may provide a low-cost, locallyavailable resource for soil fertility management. To protrude this arrangement for 5 coastal regions, characterization of seaweed biomass in terms of location and abundance, species composition, and chemical characteristics relevant to soil quality and plant nutrition is required. Additionally, quantification of seaweed biomass effects on soil quality and crop production is required to validate putative benefits or negative effects of seaweed enhancement practices1.2.3 ScopeMarine algae is estimated to bring in about 70 % to 80 % of earths atmospheric oxygen, amounting to about 330 billion tonnes of oxygen per year (Hall, 2008). This is an indication of how important algae are to the environment. Algae are simple, autotrophic organisms that are either microscopical or macroscopic. Specifically, seaweeds are macroscopic algae that thrive in benthic marine waters. Just corresponding terrestrial plants, these groups of multicellular organisms are autotrophic and thus have the ability to carry out photosynthesis. However, they do not posses several distinct organs such as true leaves, roots, flowers and seeds that typify terrestrial plants (Sumich Morrissey, 2004). on that point are roughly 10000 different species of seaweeds recorded. Generally, seaweeds can be divided into three groups, namely class Rhodophyceae (6000 species), Chlorophyceae (2000 species) and Phaeophyceae (2000 species) based on their colour pigment (Guiry Guiry, 2011). The genus being studied,Sargassum, belongs to the group Phaeophyceae, which obtains its distinctive brown colour from the xantophyll pigment of fucoxanthin. Cell walls of these algae are mainly composed of cellulose and alginic acid, a valuable component that adds commercial value to Sargassum species. In Asia, seaweeds are commonly used as fertilizers and as sustenance for both humans and animals. Trono (1999), McHugh (2003) and Phang (2006) are among the many authors who have listed down the beneficial usages of seaweeds which include Sargassum as raw products for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

Three Negative Impacts Of Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Three Negative Impacts Of Information Systems Information Technology EssayInformation systems are a al-Qaida for running line of reasoning today. In many industries, survival and even existence without lengthened enforce of IT is implausible and IT plays a vital role in increasing productivity. Although training technology has occasion more of a commodity, when coupled with corresponding changes in organization ad management, it can give the basis for new product, services, and ways of conducting business that provide firms with a strategic advantage. Information technology has fetch the largest region of capital investment for firms in the United States and many industrialized societies.On the other hand, there are the challenges for management when constructing and using information systems. Although information systems have provided vast benefits and efficiencies, they have also generated new estimable and social problems and challenges, such as threats to individual pr ivacy and intellectual property rights hence, managers face an ongoing agitate to maintain security and control, they have to design systems that people can control, understand, and use in a socially and ethically responsible way. Acquiring business value from information systems is another key challenge for management. Because not all companies realize good returns from information systems investments, in which the greatest challenge managers encountering today, they ensure that their companies indeed retrieve meaningful returns on the money they spend on information systems. Besides, managers should understand the system requirements of a world(a) business purlieu. Since the rapid growth in international trade and the emergence of a global thriftiness require information systems that can support both producing and selling goods in many different countries however, it may result in chaos and the failure of central management controls. at that placefore, management has to devel op integrated, multinational or create cross-cultural accounting and reporting structures and design transnational business assistes.Distinguish betwixt and hear the uses of and advantages/disadvantages in hypertext mark-up language and XML.hypertext markup language is the main format used on the World Wide wind vane that stands for Hypertext markup language, which is a page description language for indicating how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a weather vane page document however, HTML is limited to describing how data should be presented in the form of clear pages. HTML is actually a loosely defined subset of XML. However, whereas XML is a strict language, HTML takes liberties that may have helped it become the popular presentation tool it is today. Although the spirit of the young profits encouraged freedom, developers have now accepted that the freedom of HTML has ramifications. Because HTML is so flexible, many browsers and Web applications have added t heir own functionality to the base HTML protocol. As all enhanced functionality is, this comes with additional security risks.XML stands for Extensible Markup Language that is the fundamental technology for Web services. XML can perform presentation, communication, and storage of data however, in XML a number is not simply a number the XML tag specifies whether the number represents a price, a date, or a ZIP code. XML allows certain elements of the nitty-gritty of documents possible for computers to manipulate and interpret their data automatically and perform operations and the data without human intervention. Besides, XML offers a standard format for data exchange, enabling Web service to pass data from one process to another.Provide an explanation of the five layers of the transmission control protocol IP reference model.TCP/IP uses a rooms of protocols, the main one being TCP and IP. TCP refers to the Transmission Control Protocol, which handles the movement of data between co mputers. TCP establishes a friendship between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and recognizes the packets sent. IP refers to the Internet Protocol, which is responsible for the delivery of packets and includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission. There consists of five layers for the TCP/IP reference model, they are application layer, transport layer, internet layer, network port layer and somatic layer.Application layer allows client application programs to access the other layers and defines the protocols that application use to exchange data. One of these application protocols is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that is used to transfer Web page files. On the other hand, transport layer is accountable for providing the application layer with communication and packet services. This layer includes TCP and other protocols. Internet layer is the third layer that is responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets c alled IP datagrams. The Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the protocols used in this layer. Besides, network interface layer is responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the physical network medium, which could be any networking technology. At the bottom of the reference model is physical layer, which is the physical connection whether using a Network Interface Card (NIC) or with a modem to connect to the local network.7. What stairs do the authors recommend be taken to develop an international information systems architecture?International information systems architecture contains the basic information systems required by organizations to coordinate worldwide trade and other activities. urge by the authors, there are five major steps for developing of an international information systems architecture, which include business drivers and challenges, corporate global strategies, organization structure, management and business processes, and technology platform.A busi ness driver is a force in the environment to which businesses must respond and that influences the direction of the business. Meanwhile, examine carefully the inhibitors or negative fixingss that generate management challenges that could ruin the development of a global business. Once the global environment is examined, consider a corporate outline for competing in that environment. After developing a strategy, it is then cartridge holder to think how to structure organization so it can practice the strategy. Next, consider the management issues in implementing strategy and making the organization design come alive, the key here will be the design of business processes. The last issue to consider is the technology platform. Although changing technology is a key driving factor leading toward global markets, it may need to have a corporate strategy and structure beforehand it can rationally choose the right technology. Once the process of reasoning have completed, it will be well on the way toward appropriate international information systems architecture capable of achieving corporate goals.

Sita Tours And Travels Tourism Essay

Sita Tours And hold ups touring carry EssayThe touristry Industry is a flourishing all over the earthly concern. The scenario of the touristry industriousness is ever changing it is always in a state of flux. touristry Industry in India is experiencing a high purpose of harvest-time and has improved over the years however there is shut up a lot of scope for improvement and expansion. It is fast becoming an of the essence(predicate) player in the global market. It is overly proven that touristry is the application that contrisolelyes most to the Indian GDP, employment and foreign exchange reserves. The touristry industry proves to be the back-bone of another(prenominal) allied sectors for example, hospitality, transport, handicrafts, etc. According to WTTC, in 2011, India has been graded 1st in direct parcel to employment through move and touristry and 2nd in add contribution with monetary rank of 24974900 jobs and 39351900 respectively. Also in terms of GDP, In dia ranks 11th in direct contribution and 12th in total contribution2. The Indian Government has invested a substantial amount in infrastructure development to promote touristry for the country after sensing the importance in the GDP contribution. This try has been successful to an extent in increasing the arrival of foreigners in the belong decade. The marvellous India campaign was also a contributing factor to the cast up in tourism. The campaign helped create a colorful and several(a) pictorial matter of India in the minds of give way enthusiasts all over the human beings. It has directly guide to an change magnitude in the interest among tourists and created interest generally around the world.WTTC ( valet de chambre expedition and tourism Council) ranked India 4thin terms of strike and tourism coronation with a total of $ 26.7 billion3. Also (in Asia), after China, India stands second. In 2006, 4 one thousand thousand world abundant tourists visited India and spe nt US $ 8.9 bn4. In 2011 (Jan-June), the total contradictory holidaymaker Arrivals (FTAs) in India was 2.92 million and foreign exchange revenues stood at US$ 78.11 billion which is up 14.2%5. As a matter of fact, in malice of a negative growth rate of -2.2% in 2008-096, Foreign holidaymaker Arrivals increase considerably which registered a growth rate of 8.1% in 2009-107, patronage the world recession, Indian tourism showed a positive growth. According to World Travel and touristry Council, India will be a tourism caustic spot between the years 2009 -2018 which will show maximum growth rate during this period.Nowhere in the world is found, such(prenominal) a beauty, various(a) and diversified climate, flora, fauna, religions, languages, dialects, dressing patterns, life style and rituals, like India.8Domestic tourism is also actually huge in the GDP contribution in the country. There is hush a lot of scope in promoting the tourism in many separate of the country. Since to urism is seasonal, it is slightly difficult for the touristry Department, Government of India. It is Indias middle categorise that has promoted the tourism in the country. The increase in disposal income among this class of people has contributed to rise in tourism in spite of appearance the country. Consequently, they spend most of their disposable income on travelling. In 2009, there were 669.02 million domestic tourists which comprised almost 18.8% of the total tourists in the country. The Indians going abroad is also increasing at a growth rate of 12.28 % per annum.Scope of touristryAccording to the past trends, India has seen to contribute 0.5% to the global tourism industry. There is quench a lot of scope for businesses to tap the market. India has a genuinely divers(prenominal) geography, culture, food, monuments and a rich past. The Incredible India campaign was promoted in order to get aside various interests from tourists all over the globe in the varied types of tourism that has a scope for development and promotion. In recent times, Pilgrimage and aesculapian tourism be one of the most popular among the foreign tourists. medical checkup tourism is currently growing at around 30% per annum. The other types of tourism argonAdventure Tourism vacuous TourismEco TourismCultural TourismWildlife TourismHighway TourismHeritage TourismRail TourismRural TourismAn Indian Back free-base chairwoman of the telephoner, in 1956 established the first office in recent Delhi, India. caller- unwrap wanted to take the benefits of the religious beliefs attached with their companys name SITA in India. It is still retainerd with high quality and brand. In 2000, Kuoni Travel Holding, a Switzerland based tourism firm acquired the 100 % stake of SITA World Travel India (Ltd.) and it became Indias largest travel company as Kuoni Travel India Ltd. Now, SITA World Travel is an In choke Division of the Kuoni Travel India Ltd. And It is handling incoming internat ional tourist to India from all over the world through a network of 30 offices in the region including associate offices in Sri Lanka and Nepal. SITA earned its reputation by giving world class services to its clients travelers, tour operators and the corporate houses. Also it has specialized itself by providing modify service and close working relationship with its customers around the world.Factors which affect travel termination selection9Things to do and seeSafety and securityboilersuit image of the holiday destinationTourist facilities and infrastructureEase of obtaining Visas overdress AnalysisStrengthMass market product with small meshing margin and economic of scale to create profit even though demographics and changing consumer trendsTraining academyProviding customised packaged toursPersonalized customer condenseOnline booking of packagesOffices in major cities of IndiaWeakness wad expectation has changed but their packaged tour has not changedPrice of hotel is risin g no termination between cutting slim margin and rising price to customers trammel only to main destination spots, involve to cover more than(prenominal) groundProper feedback system not in placeOpportunityPeople go on holiday more than beforeTravelers want exotic destinations or short city breaksIncrease in number of tourists because of approaching sports eventGovernment lending support as part of Incredible India campaignIncrease in disposable incomeThreatsHeavy Price disceptationPeople wait till last minute for bargaining emergent hotel rates all over the worldGeneral economic retardent and terrorist attacksLocally established travelling companiesPEST AnalysispoliticalThe strongest spring of tourists visiting India is its rich and vast cultural heritage which is under the soften of Archaeological Survey of India. So any changes in policy pay back a very major impact on the tourism industry. Political instability in many states also hinders the tourism opportunities. E.g . north east is still out of coverage of SITA travels because of this very reason. Although the government is instanter fetching up various measures like stepping up vigilance in major tourist destinations in order to promote India as a reliable tourist destination.EconomicThis industry thrives on the expenditure advocator of the people. The spending power is increasing in the country as well as all over the world. This increase in the spending power has left wing a good amount of idle cash in hand. This has led to a tourism boom and more and more people be now coming into the country with more cash and better affordability. neighborlyTourism is seen as something that will ultimately lead to the destruction of the kind fabric. It is perceived that more the number of people travelling into a place, the more is the probability of the place to lose its identity. But apart from that people subscribe now started perceiving tourism as a form of recreation. They argon now more wi lling to go for packages like adventure tourism to Leh and Lakshadweep. technologyAlthough it is does not seem to be great factor but it plays a major role. Better technology has resulted in connecting many remote and unknown areas. On the same terms online booking and transfer facilities provided by SITA travels pick out increased their number of clients.PORTERs Five Forces ModelThreat of New EntrantsAs the search cost has been reduced due to the advent of meshing it opens up the market for potential entrants, thereby increasing the possibility of a refreshing company joining the market as the entry barrier has been reduced. contention among Existing Firm within the IndustryThe major competitors of SITA Travels in India are Kesari Tours, Cox Kings India LtdAs the number of companies is increasing due to the advent of internet and the competition is increasing because of geographical expansion of markets and the reduction of entry barrier, thereby raising the rivalry and hence increasing the discount.Power of Supplier first appearance barrier reduction and increased competition results in the increase of the power of supplier.Power of BuyerReduction in switching costs has increased the bargaining power of the buyer.Price has become an important criterion as people now can compare products and gain knowledge about them.Threat of SubstitutesCompetitors offer similar type of products and services.SegmentationTourism (In springtime and outward-bound tourism)Segmentation types Psychographic instalmentation (Class), Behavioral segmentation (User status First time, Regular, Potential). SITA is a large segment market addressing the customer needs of the international tourists.Targeting world-wide Tourism Initially tourists from ground forces are targeted, as SITA has stronger links with USA (Origin). Later they focused on other international markets like UK, lacquer and Hong Kong. They have started a magazine called INDRAMA. This magazine portrays the rich to urist books there by attracting foreign tourists to India). The idea of Heritage village set ahead helped them to become a better tourism facilities provider. Inbound and outgoing tourists are the tourist types of International tourism.Market growth of inbound and out bound tourists placebound market The primary target market segment is out bound tourism. boilers suit Market The total market size of the out bound tourism in 2010 is 12 million. It is expected to cross 20 million by 2015 and 50mn by 2020 (Source UNWTO) more than 6.29 million tourists visited India in 2011. The total revenues of the out bound travel market is $14bn in 201010. The Indian outbound travel market has grown from 3.7 million in 1997 to 9.8 million international departures in 2007 the pace of growth has accelerated since 2004 at an average annual growth rate of over 16%11Inbound marketOverall Market share The total market size of inbound tourism is 6.18 millionwith a growth rate of 8.9%.The total revenues generated rounds off to US$ 16.691 billion.Competitive Intensity The major competitors of SITA Travels in India are Kesari Tours, Cox Kings India Ltd which has more share than SITA while the others are Thomas Cook India Ltd, Karnataka put in Tourism Development, Mercury Travels Ltd, Raj Travels Tours Ltd, D Pauls Travel Tours, Sachin Travels and Goa Tourism Development.High budget Customers The chopine Affordable India targets the High budget segment tourists who come to Indian subcontinent. This course of study provides value added services to high budget travelers in order to customize destinations which were luxurious and affordable12Positioning strategiesIndias first Leisure travel brand(Luxury segment) (Jan 2006)Tourist Safety with SITA (Mumbai) ( 2006)Indias Destination management service provider ( June 2006)Indias tourist destination for Business travel (Kuoni Business travel) (Feb 2007)Tourism education (Kuoni academy) (May 2007)Young achievers start learn , Outdoo r school trips ( 2009-2010)Perfect moments with Kuoni (2011-2012). This program covers 3 packages The world is mine Romantic escapes undiscovered destinationUniform service accommodation, update tourism infrastructure, travel related equipments same in all the offices to fend for uniform serviceEnpact ( 2011- 2012 Kuoni Academy Pioneers to introduce a new t all(prenominal) methodologyOut of the ordinary tours for everyone (2012) ( Targeting individuals and small groups) trustworthy tourism ( 2012) ( Thru CSR activities)Indian travel brand which is focused on the luxury segment, incentive, Trade pleasure ground tours and SportsTourism DepartmentsIn order to meet the tourists demand of visiting various places, SITA has tie ups with local agencies. The services offered by the local agencies are confrontation passengers on arrival/ departure, arranging local sightseeing and transport. SITA is maintaining a wide agency network to handle inbound and out bound tourism. The tourism de partment in SITA is divided in to two sectors as down the stairsInbound toursThis is the main foreign exchange earnings department of SITA. The market for this segment is done through various ways as down the stairsBrochure Tours Marketing in the form of brochures ( Tour plans in brochure) sew made tours Customers design their tourSpecial interest tours Organized by companies and other agenciesConferences and conventions Arranging travel, registration facilities, accommodation arrangements, conference facilities, entertainment and void activities.Out bound toursThis is one of the fast growing tourism segment markets in India. Indians are the target customers in this segment. With an increase in the income take of the people, they are showing interest in visiting other countries. The tourist destination for the Indians is primarily USA and Europe13Indian out bound travel market is 3.7 mn in 1997. Currently it is 13mn (2011-2012)Estimated $28billion revenue in the year 2020.Faste st growing out bound market in the world in terms of numbers (After china)SITA Out bound tourism marketingMajor sources of marketing are through brochures and advertisements in the news studysOut bound division of SITA received TAAI travel award for 201114.MARKETING mixed bagPRODUCT (Services Brand)While planning the market offering, SITAs marketers focused on fivesome elements that constitute its customers value hierarchyCore ProductsDestinations are the core products offered by any tour operator. Those offered by SITA are classified intoInbound Leisure SITAs major portion of foreign exchange is earned by this group. These destinations are designed to focus on leisure while travelling. Apart from must-do destinations these accommodate tailored tours such as Cultural and Heritage Tours, Trekking and mountaineering Tours, Wildlife holidays, health and spa holidays, etc.Individual Travel SITA has maintained an unparalleled expertise in customizing travel packages for foreign tou rists or working professional expecting a well-tailored itinerary which optimizes their time and ensures that all arrangements are in order.Incentive Travel Handled by Distant FrontiersDesigned for large companies to motivate or work their employeesBriefs are taken from each group, tailored to suit their needs and surpass their expectations by offering them special events planned exclusively for each travel groupPost-trip follow-up approach to stay in collar with the customer and ensure a re-visitMain destinations includeIndiaNepalSri LankaBhutanM.I.C.E. Meetings Incentives Conferences ExhibitionsSITA is a ingredient ofThe International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) a worldwide trunk that handles all types of International Meetings and ExhibitionsThe India Convention Promotion Bureau (ICPB)The Society of Incentive Travel Executives (SITE)ChartersLeading player in India with the largest number of acquires to Goa and TrivandrumHandles leading charter operations from the UK, Germany, Russia, Poland, and various CIS countries.CruisesMajor players in Cochin, Chennai, Goa, and MumbaiShore Excursions- Regular sight-seeing tripsoverland Tours- Designed to explore the deep interiors of IndiaAdventures Camel Safaris, cycling, trekking, scuba-diving, rafting, biking, mountaineering holidays designed especially for stalwart travelersBasic ProductsTransport screen background transportationFlight reservationsTrain reservationsAccommodationCulture cuisinesSpecial arrangements- Like Womens Group, Senior Citizens Tours, etcConferences and Events- In collaboration with MICEGround assistanceMeet Greet servicesTour GuidesTour Escorts pass judgment ProductsThese are impeccable services for corporate clients likeSeat handinesson needed timeAccurate informationQuick report for the senior managementInformation about various package and routes to a particular destinationEfficient customer support system increase ProductsThese are the products that distingui sh SITA from others. These may include special facilities like Wi-Fi accessibility throughout the journey, tele-checking, laptops on request, customized meals, etc.Potential ProductsSITA plans to come-up with underwater tourism very soon.PLACESITA has its own branches situated throughout India hence are advantageously accessible. The customer can either go to the Tour office or plan a tour online. Hence strategic locations are very important for SITA.North India Agra, Delhi, Jaipur, Gurgaon, Varanasi, UdaipurSouth India Bangalore, Chennai, Cochin, Trivandrum, HyderabadWest India Mumbai, GoaPROMOTIONThe promotional strategies engaged by SITA travels areAdvertisingPublicitySales promotionsPersonalized products such as Flight bags, wallets, Foreign Exchange and covers of passport, etcWord-of-mouth Promotionbelievability The high magnitude of this is due to high credibility of SITAs channel, especially in the eyes of the potential tourists.Sensitivity The qualities of services they p romise are world-class and client-orientedApproach The marketers keep their eyes open identify the opinion leaders Special facilities for them to keep stimulating and creating demandPersonal SellingExhibitions- State and national tour packages, cruises, holiday financing, hotels, educational excursions, etcE-MarketingTwitterLinkedIn- http//www.linkedin.com/company/155449Facebook- http//www.facebook.com/SITAWorldToursCSR Activities- Responsible TourismSpiti Initiative- To build a Solar Bath for a Buddhistic nunnery in SpitiChild Protection- Carries out workshops to protect children in rural and semi-urban parts of the country. Also offers training to children in various educational fields.Literacy India Program- Has an independent paper recycling unit where women work to earn their living.Bihar Flood Relief- Using its transportation system, it worked closely with Goonj to dispatch necessities to the flood affected areas in BiharLets Go Green- utilize across all offices through po sters and Green Utility trays.Creative coalition Network- promotes responsible tourism practices amongst the businesses that benefit from Rajasthans rich cultural environment.PEOPLEEmployees comfortably versed with the latest technologies in travel managementWell dexterous to handle difficult customersExtensive training programs- SITA Travel Tourism AcademyTraining on courses conducted by WATA, PATAHigh credence quality via straightforward work place designJob DesignOther CustomersCaters to customers from diverse backgrounds by offering First class, Deluxe, or Luxury preferencesSITA Travels Online support unique(p) Tours and value-added servicesPersonalized customer supportBibliographyWorld Tourism plaque and the European Travel Commission. (2009). Retrieved from http//publications.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/090616_indian_outbound_travel_excerpt.pdfIndian Tourism Department. (2010). Retrieved from http//tourism.gov.in/writereaddata/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/New/2010. pdfKuoni. (2011, December). Retrieved from http//www.kuoniindia.com/press-2011.aspSITA World Tours. (2012, January 20). Retrieved from http//www.sitatours.com/press/sitaaffordablerelease%20012611.pdfEconomyWatch. (2010, June 30). Economy Watch. Retrieved from http//www.economywatch.com/business-and-economy/tourism-industry.htmlMol, A. (n.d.). Preserve Articles. Retrieved from http//www.preservearticles.com/201103084425/essay-on-tourism-industry-in-india.htmlOlivia Ruggles-Brise, E. A. (2012). World Travel Tourism Council. Retrieved from http//www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/nepal2012.pdfProf. Manjula Chaudhary, D. S. (2011, August). Indian Institute of Tourism Travel Management. Retrieved from IITTM website http//www.iittm.org/doc/IITTM_ITC_Report-2011-rev..pdfReshma S Kulkarni, S. S. (2011, November 26). The Hindu. Retrieved from http//www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/article2659391.ece?homepage=true

Identification of Organic Compounds

Identification of Organic CompoundsMay Zheng research laboratory Partner Vena GanesarasaObservationsTable 1 The Use of Iodine response for Determining the mien of Starch in Various warnings settlementsSampleAmylose maltoseSucroseGlucose terra incognita XUnknown YDistilled pissingObservations sparkle icteric, cloudy, quiet truthful ignition yellow, silver-tongued weak, pallid fluidness micturate, dull liquid white liquidOrange liquidClear, people of touchise little liquidColour of SolutionDark grubby thistle/ drear liquidClear yellow liquidClear, dark yellow liquidRed/ embrown liquidBlueDark down(p)/ black liquid colorizeing material/ orangeness liquidTable 2 The Use of benedicks Solution for Determining the front man of Sugar in Various Samples SolutionsSampleAmyloseMaltoseSucroseGlucoseUnknown XUnknown YDistilled WaterObservationsLight yellow, cloudy, liquidTransparent out of work yellow, liquidClear, colourless liquidClear, colourless liquidWhite liquidOrange liquidClear, colourless liquidColour of SolutionOrange liquidDark orange liquidClear, light blue liquidYellowish/whitish comeBeige liquidLime green liquidClear blue liquidTable 3 The Use of Biurets Reagent for Determining the Presence of Protein in Various Samples SolutionsSampleAmyloseMaltoseSucroseGlucoseUnknown XUnknown YDistilled WaterObservationsLight yellow, cloudy, liquidTransparent light yellow, liquidClear, colourless liquidClear, colourless liquidWhite liquidOrange liquidClear, colourless liquidColour of SolutionNo colour qualifyNo colour changeClear light blue liquidVery light blue/white liquidBeige liquidYellow liquidClear light blue liquidTable 4 The Use of Sudan (III) Solution for Determining the Presence of Lipid in Various Samples SolutionsSampleAmyloseMaltoseSucroseGlucoseUnknown XUnknown YDistilled WaterObservationsLight yellow, cloudy, liquidTransparent light yellow, liquidClear, colourless liquidClear, colourless liquidWhite liquidOrange liquidClear, colourles s liquidColour of SolutionPinkish red on top, yellowish/white on fag endLight pink liquidLight orange liquid pinkish social class, white on bottomPink layer, milky/ whitish layer on bottomOrangey on top, yellow on bottomClear very faint pink when indicator was added colour slowly washed-out awayDiscussionThe distilled piss system in this experiment functioned as the chequer sample. A nurse sample should be a constant unsettled that was not exposed to the factors being tested in the experiment. In this case, the invention of the lab was to determine the mien of stiffen, lipid, protein, and loot in various settlements. Distilled pissing system did not contain any of these observational factors and at that placefore it acted as a control sample. The distilled water supply played a very important affair in this experiment considering that the results of the data-based samples must be compared to the control in drift to form a conclusion (Rodriguez, 2013). By comparing the results of the control, the colour changes which had occurred in the experimental samples could be identified. If there was no control, one wouldnt have been able to determine any valid changes in the experimental results since there was nothing to compare them to in order to verify the changes. In this experiment, distilled water was use as the control instead of tap water because of the absence of metals and minerals such(prenominal) as iron and calcium. These elements have the possible to cook the results of the experiment by creating unwanted receptions with otherwise ways in the experiment. Therefore, in order to have an accurate control to act as a lineament source for the results of the experimental samples, distilled water was employ (Myers, 2013).The Iodine origin was commonly used to test for the armorial bearing of starch in a substance. During the forepart of starch, the Iodine source would turn into a dark blue/black colour. The colour change was caused by the chemical substance substance answer in the midst of the starch and the single. Amylose was a polysaccharide consisting of glucose units it was a type of starch, in fact starch was made up of a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Therefore in this experiment, when the iodine solving was added into the Amylose issue, the resulting solution had a deep bluish-black colour. The helix anatomical expression of amylose resembled a spin arounded spring. The element iodine, a non-polar molecule, on its own was insoluble in water hence it was dissolved in an aqueous potassium iodide solution forming potassium triiodide which was soluble in water. The linear triiodide ion (I3-) fundamentally slipped inside the coil of the amylose molecule resulting in an extremely blue/black colour. The transfer of aerated particles (electrons) which occurred between the amylose and the iodide ion altered the spaces between the force levels/electron orbitals. This meant that light was imprisone d by the solution at a different wavelength resulting in the colour change. The front end of starch was besides determined in the undiscovered X and unbeknown(predicate) Y solutions. The unknown X solution had a less intense shade of blue indicating that there was a bring low tightness of starch in that substance (Iodine test for, 2012).benedicks solution was a light-colored blue liquid containing tomentum convert used to test for the presence of simple carbohydrates such as allmonosaccharides and several disaccharides standardised maltose. The presence of these nets such as glucose triggered a chemical reaction between the chou and copper sulfate (after heating which contributes the energy required to school the reaction) resulting in a reddish-brown precipitate if there was a soaring concentration of sugar (2% or more than). The solution could also turn greenish, yellow, or orange with lower concentrations of sugar. During this experiment, the glucose solution chang ed into a dark orange-red colour, while unknown X turned into a light yellow/beige colour, the unknown Y with a lime green colour and the maltose resulted in a yellowish-green colour. This suggested that the sugar content in maltose, unknown X and Y was low (less than 2%) compared to glucose (Benedicts reagent, 2014).Specifically, the Benedicts solution tested for diminution sugars which consisted of an aldehyde group (presence of the CHO group). In the presence of cut back sugars, the copper (II) ions were reduced to copper (I) ions forming copper (I) oxide, a reddish-brown precipitate that was insoluble in water. In this experiment, the glucose possessed accessible electrons for donation, which the blue copper (II) ions were willing to receiving/accept to pass away reduced to reddish copper (II) ions. When the glucose donated an electron, it became oxidized while the copper (II) was reduced. For this reason, glucose was considered to be a reducing sugar capable of initiating a chemical reaction with the copper sulfate in Benedicts solution. Similarly, maltose, a reducing disaccharide, reacted with the benedicts solution when heated to form a squashy yellow precipitate. Maltose molecules have a linear open-chain structure which made them accessible to react with the copper sulfate in Benedicts solution resulting in a dark yellowish colour indicating a low concentration of sugar (Yool, 2014).However, sucrose, also a disaccharide, did not provide a positive test for sugar. This was because sucrose was not a reducing sugar. The bond between the two sugars which made up sucrose, levulose and glucose, was organise in a particular way which inhibited the sucrose to isomerize to aldehyde form causing it to be a non-reducing sugar. The molecular structure of sucrose was not linear meaning that it was incapable of opening it was basically stuck in its cyclical form. This prevented the sucrose from donating electrons and reducing the copper (II) in Benedicts so lution resulting in no chemical reaction, colour change, or formation of precipitate (Benedicts reagent, 2014).Biurets reagent was used to test for the presence of protein. The chemical reaction which occurred in the presence of protein resulted in a violet colour solution due to the peptide bonds which made up protein. The biuret reagent contained hydrated copper sulfate the copper (II) ions formed coordination complexes as the single electron pairs of the four normality atoms in peptide bonds surrounded a central atom which was the copper (II) ion. As the metal complex was formed, the wavelength at which light was absorbed changed to violet from clear blue indicating the presence of protein. Additionally, the greater the tally the protein in a solution, the more intense the colour change considering that there were more peptide bonds present resulting in long chain peptides (Biuret test, 2014).Sudan III was a red reagent that detected the presence of lipids. This solution was i nsoluble in water, however would dissolve in lipids. It would mug the present lipid an orange-red colour. In this experiment, only the unknown Y solution presented a distinctive orangey colour on top of a yellow solution after the addition of the Sudan III reagent suggesting the presence of lipid in this unknown solution. This showed a clear separation of the lipid and water portions of the solution considering that the two did not mix lipid molecules were nonpolar while water molecules were polar. For this reason, the staining had only occurred at the top layer of the solution (Sudan iii, 2014).Carbohydrates were essential nutrients to leading a healthy diet. They were important energy source for the clement dead automobile trunk. However, they were not used straightaway due to excess intake the body would install the carbohydrates in the form of glycogen in the muscles and liver. The body used the glycogen stored in the muscles while the brain obtained energy from the glycoge n stored in the liver which could only support a limited amount. Therefore, upon excess enjoyment of carbohydrates, the carbohydrates would be converted into fat which was stored in the fatty t knows. This would also simultaneously increase the glucose levels in channel which triggered the kick out of insulin in order to keep on homeostasis. Insulin was a hormone secreted by the pancreas into the bloodstream with the purpose of lowering the sugar levels. A great quantity of insulin not only triggered the body to store the extra carbohydrates as fat tho also inhibited the release of the stored fat. This meant that the stored fat lost its ability to be used as energy. Additionally, towering levels of insulin restrained the secretion of glucagon and growth hormones. Glucagon was a hormone secreted in the pancreas that initiated the sectionalisation of fat and sugar to increase the blood sugar levels. Growth hormone was responsible for muscle development. Lastly, the excess inta ke of carbohydrates which increased the blood glucose levels caused the secretion of extra insulin in order to lower the sugar level at a rapid rate. This caused hunger considering that after a short amount of time the bodys blood sugar levels would be lower than normal causing the hungry sensation to convince the body to implement more carbohydrates increase the sugar levels (The relationship between, 2008).Cholesterol was a waxy, sterol, substance found in most body tissue such as in bloodstream and the nerves. This compound was produced by the liver in the gentle body and circulated through ones blood stream. Cholesterol could also be found in ones diet foods with a great amount of saturated and trans fat such as substance and dairy products contained this substance. The presence of high level of cholesterol in the body greatly increased the risk of many meat diseases such as look attacks and strokes. This was because when there was an excess amount of cholesterol in the blo od, it could squirrel away in the interior walls of arteries which provided various parts of the body the nutrients and oxygen needful to function properly. Plaque was formed as the extra cholesterol and other substances such as fat and calcium stuck to the inner walls of the blood vessel. This randy substance would harden and decrease the circumferences and flexibility/elasticity of arteries. This health issue was known as atherosclerosis the clotting of blood vessels due to the buildup of memorial tablet limiting the flow of blood to several parts of the body such as the brain, the heart, and other organs. Depending on which of the many arteries in the body was blocked, there were several potential heart diseases. If the plaques clot the coronary arteries which supplied the heart with oxygen-rich blood, heart attacks may occur and if there was a blockage in the carotid arteries which fed blood to the brain, the reduced blood flow to the brain may cause a stroke. Most of these heart diseases were serious and even lethal (What is atherosclerosis?, 2011).Protein could be used as an energy source for the military personnel body however not the most efficient method. As protein was digested by the body, it was chemically broken down into amino hot subunits. Glucose and amino acids were chemically alike with the exception of the presence of nitrogen atoms in amino acids. In the absence of nitrogen, the amino acids could be converted into glucose or fatty acids which provided energy for the body. Due to the additional steps of removing the nitrogen, proteins were a slower source of energy, but longer lasting compared to carbohydrates and lipids. Furthermore, the use of protein as an energy source could be ravishful to the body due to the by-products formed from the breakdown of amino acids. The nitrogen atoms contained in all amino acids were converted into ammonia during amino acid catabolism. The substance ammonia was toxic as it accumulated in the blood causing the body to excrete it through urination. However, high levels of ammonia would disability the liver and the kidneys. Also, the presence of a large quantity of this compound was bad to the cells in the body (Cloe, 2012).ErrorsDuring this experimental, a few errors had occurred. The test tubes filled with the experimental samples were not washed properly for the next nutrient test. This resulted in illogical colour changes. At times, not enough indicator solution was added to the samples. This cogency have affected the resulting colours. Lastly, during the test for sugars, after the addition of the benedicts solution into the samples, the solutions were not heated evenly for the same length of time. A few samples did not obtain enough energy for a potential chemical reaction/ colour change to occur.ConclusionIt was concluded that distilled water functioned as the control in the experiment due to the absence of metals and minerals in the liquid which could possibility init iate unwanted reactions. The control was used to provide a reference source for the obtained results from the experimental samples in order for the changes to be valid. The iodine solution was used to test for the presence of starch. The chemical reaction between the triiodine ions and starch molecules triggered the colour change of the solution to deep blue/black. Starch was detected in the amylose, unknown X and Y solutions. The benedicts solution was used to determine the presence of reducing sugars. The chemical reaction between the copper sulfate in the benedicts solution and the sugar molecules triggered a colour change in the samples. The sugar molecules reduced the copper (II) into copper (I) resulting in a reddish precipitate. With a lower concentration of sugar molecules, the samples turned greenish, yellowish or orangey. The presence of sugar was determined in maltose, glucose, unknown X and Y samples in this experiment. Biurets reagent tested for the presence of protein. The copper sulfate in the reagent formed metal complexes with the nitrogen atoms found in the peptide bonds of protein. This resulted in a colour change of the samples to violet if protein was detected. The Sudan III solution tested for the presence of lipid. Since the solution was insoluble in water and soluble in lipids, the colour change to orangey red was only found on the top layer of a few samples. The presence of lipid was determined in the unknown Y sample.Furthermore, excess intake of carbohydrate increased the sugar level in blood. This triggered the release of the hormone, insulin, with the intention of lowering the sugar level to maintain internal balance. The release of this hormone by the pancreas caused the extra carbohydrates to be stored as fat. Also, the presence of a large amount of insulin caused the frequent sensation of hunger. This was because the insulin quickly take down the sugar levels causing the body to want more carbohydrates to increase the sugar le vels to maintain homeostasis. High levels of cholesterol in the blood resulted in the accrual of plaque reducing the blood flow to various part of the body. This was a major risk factor of heart diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Lastly, when the body used protein as an energy source, there would be an advance level of ammonia in the body considering that it was a by-product of the breakdown of amino acids. The high level of this toxic compound would cause harm to the kidneys, the liver and other body cells.ReferencesBenedicts reagent. (2014). Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedicts_reagentBiuret test. (2014). Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biuret_testCloe, A. (2012).Why are proteins used as the last source of energy?. Retrieved from http//livewell.jillianmichaels.com/proteins-used-last-source-energy-5473.htmlIodine test for starch. (2012). Retrieved from http//brilliantbiologystudent.weebly.com/iodine-test-for-starch.htmlMyers, G. (2013).Why is d istilled water a good control for science projects?. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/facts_7418493_distilled-good-control-science-projects_.htmlRodriguez, B. (2013).What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8612333_purpose-control-experiment.htmlSudan iii. (2014). Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_IIIThe relationship between carbohydrates and insulin. (2008, July 02). Retrieved from http//www.naturaltherapypages.com.au/article/Insulin_Weight_LossWhat is atherosclerosis?. (2011, July 01). Retrieved from https//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/atherosclerosis/Yool, B. (2014).The effect of benedict solution on glucose. Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/about_6584528_effect-benedict-solution-glucose.html